Periodontal Disease: Pocket Reduction Surgery

Periodontal disease can cause pockets to form between tooth and gum. These pockets can gather plaque and require treatment. If nonsurgical treatments can't reduce pocket depth, surgery may be needed. Surgery on gum and bone can reduce pocket depth and save a tooth or teeth. It also allows the dentist to remove tartar deep below the gumline. In some cases, pocket reduction surgery is combined with regenerative procedures (techniques that stimulate growth of new bone).

Before surgery

After the gum heals

Reshaping Gum and Bone

Pocket reduction begins with flap surgery. The gum is separated from the tooth and later reattached in a new position. In most cases, osseous surgery is also performed. This involves reshaping and smoothing the bone. After treatment is complete, the gumline will most likely be lower, leaving more of the tooth exposed. If the root is exposed, ongoing treatment with fluoride or another material may be needed to reduce sensitivity.

• Before surgery. A deep pocket allows plaque and tartar to collect far below the gumline. Inflammation and infection have destroyed some supporting bone.

• Opening the gum. The gum is first lifted and rolled back, creating a "gum flap." Tartar is then removed from the root. The surgeon also removes diseased gum tissue.

• Shaping the bone. If needed, the bone is smoothed and reshaped. This reduces pits and rough areas where bacteria grow.

• Helping tissues heal. A substance may be applied to the root to help the ligaments and gum reattach. Instruments may be used to cauterize (seal off) the area and reduce bleeding.

• Closing up. The gum flap is sewn shut in a position that reduces pocket depth. A dressing may be used to protect the area. This dressing is a bit like clay or putty. If used, it remains in place until removed by your dentist at a follow-up visit.

• After the gum heals. Once the gum is healed, the stitches dissolve or are removed. Your dentist also removes the dressing. The pocket is shallower. With a lower gumline, it is likely that more of the tooth will be visible.